Advanced Search
Current and Breaking News for Professionals, Consumers and Media

Click here to learn how to advertise on this site and for ad rates.

Research Author: Association for Psychological Science Last Updated: Sep 1, 2010 - 10:22:00 AM



Text Messages Reveal the Emotional Timeline of September 11, 2001

By Association for Psychological Science
Sep 1, 2010 - 10:15:48 AM



Email Newsletter icon, E-mail Newsletter icon, Email List icon, E-mail List icon Sign up for our Ezine
For Email Marketing you can trust


Email this article
 Printer friendly page
(HealthNewsDigest.com) - The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 have been called the defining moment of our time. Thousands of people died and the attacks had huge individual and collective consequences, including two wars. But less is known about the immediate emotional reactions to the attacks. For a new study published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, researchers analyzed text messages sent on September 11, 2001 for emotional words. They found spiking anxiety and steadily increasing anger through that fateful day.

The researchers took advantage of transcripts of more than 500,000 text messages sent to pagers on the day of the attacks. The transcripts were published anonymously last year on WikiLeaks. Psychological scientists Mitja D. Back, Albrecht C.P. Küfner, and Boris Egloff of the University of Mainz in Germany used software for automatic text analysis to look for words that relate to sadness (words such as crying and grief), anxiety (worried, fearful), and anger (hate, annoyed). They also noted when various events happened that day, such as the plane crashes, President George W. Bush's two speeches, and the time when American Airlines reported the loss of two airplanes.

Anger accumulated through the day. By the end of the day, there were 10 times as many angry text messages as in the morning, before the plane crashes. Anxiety, on the other hand, rose and fell through the day; 30 minutes after a stressful event, significantly more anxiety-related words appeared in text messages than 30 minutes before. But anxiety always returned to baseline levels. The data show that people did not mainly react with sadness; that may have come later, the researchers say.

The fact that anger dominated in people's immediate reactions may help explain some of the consequences of the attacks. Anger is known to make people want vengeance; this could explain the reports of acts of discrimination against Muslims in the days after the attacks, as well as the broader societal response, the researchers speculate.

Subscribe to our FREE Ezine and receive current Health News, be eligible for discounted products/services and coupons related to your Health. We publish 24/7.
HealthNewsDigest.com

For advertising/promotion, email: tvmike13@healthnewsdigest.com Or call toll free: 877- 634-9180



Top of Page

HealthNewsDigest.com

Research
Latest Headlines


+ Annual Cost of Defensive Orthopaedic Medicine Estimated at $2 Billion
+ Fruit Fly Turn-on: a Sexy, Youthful Smell May Make Up for Advancing Age
+ Commonly Used Vitamin Could Help Produce ‘good’ Cholesterol, UF Researchers Find
+ Individual Differences in Anthrax Susceptibility Discovered by Scientists
+ Valentine’s Day 2012: Feb. 14 - Facts and Figures
+ UT Southwestern Study Reveals Rapid Bone Loss as Possible Side Effect of Anti-obesity Drug Now in Clinical Trials
+ Thomson Reuters Healthcare Spending Index: Insurance Costs Climb 4.0 Percent for Q3 2011
+ Gene Related to Fat Preferences in Humans Found
+ Restriction or Responsibility? U-M Researcher Explains Decision to Withhold Bird Flu Research from Public
+ Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicine Saves Healthcare System Billions



Contact Us | Job Listings | Help | Site Map | About Us
Advertising Information | HND Press Release | Submit Information | Disclaimer

Site hosted by Sanchez Productions